Pears

"Recent studies have shown that the skin of pears contains at least three to four times as many phenolic phytonutrients as the flesh. These phytonutrients include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory flavonoids, and potentially anti-cancer phytonutrients like cinnamic acids. 

The skin of the pear has also been show to contain about half of the pear's total dietary fiber.
All pears contain flavonoids falling within the first two groups, and red-skinned pears contain anthocyanins as well. 

Intake of these flavonoid groups has been associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in both women and men.
In the case of heart disease, recent research has shown that pear fibers are able to bind together with bile acids in the intestine, lowering the pool of bile acids and decreasing the synthesis of cholesterol.

The health benefits of pear fiber also extend into the area of cancer risk. Fiber from pear can bind together not only with bile acids as a whole, but also with a special group of bile acids called secondary

bile acids. 

Excessive amounts of secondary bile acids in the intestine can increase our risk of colorectal cancer (as well as other intestinal problems). By binding together with secondary bile acids, pear fibers can help decrease their concentration in the intestine and lower our risk of cancer development.
In the case of stomach cancer (gastric cancer), intake of pears has also been shown to lower cancer risk.

Pears are a member of the rose family of plants (Rosaceae), which, in addition (of course) to roses, contains a long list of fruits.

The many different varieties of pears commonly found in U.S.

groceries all belong to the same category known as European Pear (Pyrus communis). 

These pears typically have a rounded body that tapers into a neck of various lengths. They are distinct from (but closely related to) the fruit we commonly call "pear apple." 

Pear apples are completely round with no necks, and while they remind of us of apples in shape, their skins make us think they are pears. Contrary to popular belief, pear apples are not a cross between apples and pears. 

Pear apples belong to a second category of pear, broadly referred to as Asian pear....more than 3,000 varieties of pears that people enjoy worldwide." 

WHF